96
REFERENCES
AEWA (2012).
Resolution 5.23 annex: AEWA’s contribution to the strategic
goals and Aichi targets of the strategic plan for biodiversity, 2012-2020.
Available at:
http://www.unep-aewa.org/sites/default/files/publication/mop5_proceedings_0.pdf
. Accessed: August 2015.
ANDERSON WL, HAVERA SP, ZERCHER BW (2000).
Ingestion of lead and
non-toxic shotgun pellets by ducks in the Mississippi flyway.
The Journal of
Wildlife Management
64(3), 848-857.
AVERYD,WATSONRT (2009).
Regulations of lead-based ammunition around
the world. In: Watson RT, Fuller M, Pokras M, Hunt WG (eds).
Ingestion of lead
from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans.
The Peregrine
Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA. pp 161-168. DOI:10.4080/ilsa.2009.0115.
BELLROSE FC (1959).
Lead poisoning as a mortality factor in waterfowl
populations.
Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin
27(3), 235-288.
BUTLER DA, SAGE RB, DRAYCOTT RAH, CARROLL JP, POTTS D (2005).
Lead exposure in ring-necked pheasants on shooting estates in Great Britain.
Wildlife Society Bulletin
33(2), 583-589.
CALVERT HS (1876).
Pheasants poisoned by swallowing shot.
TheField
47(189).
CROMIE R, LORAM A, HURST L, O’BRIEN M, NEWTH J, BROWN
M, HARRADINE J (2010).
Compliance with the environmental
protection (Restrictions on Use of Lead Shot)(England) Regulations
1999. Defra, Bristol. Available at:
http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&ProjectID=16075
.
Accessed: August 2015.
CROMIE RL, BROWN MJ, HUGHES B, HOCCOM DG, WILLIAMS G (2002).
Prevalence of shot-in pellets in mallard purchased from game dealers in
England in winter 2001/2002.
Compliance with the Lead Shot Regulations
(England) during winter 2001/02
. RSPB. Sandy, UK.
CROMIE RL, NEWTH JL, REEVES JP, O’BRIEN MF, BECKMANN KM, BROWN
MJ (2015).
The sociological and political aspects of reducing lead poisoning
from ammunition in the UK: why the transition to non-toxic ammunition
is so difficult. In: Delahay RJ, Spray CJ (eds).
Proceedings of the Oxford Lead
Symposium
.
Lead ammunition: understanding and minimising the risks to
human and environmental health.
Edward Grey Institute, The University
of Oxford. pp 104-124. Available at:
http://oxfordleadsymposium.info.
Accessed: October 2015.
EPPS CW (2014).
Considering the switch: challenges of transitioning to
non-lead hunting ammunition.
The Condor
116(3), 429-434. DOI: 10.1650/
CONDOR-14-78.1.
FRANSON JC, LAHNER LL, METEYER CU, RATTNER BA (2012).
Copper
pellets simulating oral exposure to copper ammunition: absence of toxicity in
American kestrels (
Falco sparverius
).
Archives of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology
62(1), 145-153. DOI:10.1007/s00244-011-9671-1.
GARWOOD GT (1994).
Gough Thomas’s gun book: shotgun lore for the
sportsman
. The Gunnerman Press: Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA.
GREENR, PAIND (2012).
Potential health risks to adults and children in the UK
from exposure to dietary lead in gamebirds shot with lead ammunition.
Food
and Chemical Toxicology
50(11), 4180-4190. DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.032.
GREMSE F, KRONE O, THAMM M, KIESSLING F, TOLBA RH, RIEGER S,
GREMSE C (2014).
Performance of lead-free versus lead-based hunting
ammunition in ballistic soap.
PLoS ONE
9(7), e102015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0102015.
GRUND MD, CORNICELLI L, CARLSON LT, BUTLER EA (2010).
Bullet
fragmentation and lead deposition in white-tailed deer and domestic sheep.
Human-Wildlife Interactions
4(2), 257-265.
GUITART R, SERRATOSA J, THOMAS VG (2002).
Lead-poisoned wildfowl
in Spain: a significant threat for human consumers.
International Journal of
Environmental Health Research
12(4), 301-309. DOI:10.1080/0960312021000
056410.
HAIG SM, D’ELIA J, EAGLES-SMITH C, FAIR JM, GERVAIS J, HERRING G,
RIVERS JW, SCHULZ JH (2014).
The persistent problem of lead poisoning
in birds from ammunition and fishing tackle.
The Condor
116(3), 408-428.
DOI:10.1650/CONDOR-14-36.1.
IRBY HD, LOCKE LN, BAGLEY GE (1967).
Relative toxicity of lead and
selected substitute shot types to game farm mallards.
The Journal of Wildlife
Management
31(2), 253-257.
KANSTRUP N (2006).
Non-toxic shot-Danish experiences. In: Boere G,
Galbraith CA, Stroud DA (eds).
Waterbirds around the world.
The Stationery
Office, Edinburgh. p 861.
KANSTRUP N (2010).
Sustainable Hunting Ammunition. 5–7 November,
2009.
CIC Workshop Report
. 75pp. International Council for Game and Wildlife
Conservation, Budapest, Hungary. Aarhus, Denmark.
KNOTT J, GILBERT J, GREEN RE, HOCCOM DG (2009).
Comparison of the
lethality of lead and copper bullets in deer control operations to reduce
incidental lead poisoning; field trials in England and Scotland.
Conservation
Evidence
6, 71-78.
KNOTT J, GILBERT J, HOCCOM DG, GREEN RE (2010).
Implications for
wildlife and humans of dietary exposure to lead from fragments of lead rifle
bullets in deer shot in the UK.
Science of the Total Environment
409(1), 95-99.
DOI:10:1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.053.
MATEO R (2009).
Lead poisoning in wild birds in Europe and the regulations
adopted by different countries. In: Watson RT, Fuller M, Pokras M, Hunt WG
(eds).
Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and
humans
. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA. pp 71-98. DOI:10.4080/
ilsa.2009.0091.
MILLER D, SMITH M, MILLER J (2009).
Caution before action on lead.
The
Wildlife Professional
3(52), 52-66.
MULHERN BM, REICHELWL, LOCKE LN, LAMONT TG, BELISLE A, CROMARTIE
E,BAGLEYGT,PROUTYRM(1970).
Organochlorine residues and autopsy data
from bald eagles 1966-68.
Pesticides Monitoring Journal
4(3), 141-144.
NEWTH JL, CROMIE RL, BROWN MJ, DELAHAY RJ, MEHARG AA, DEACON
C, NORTON GJ, O’BRIEN MF, PAIN DJ (2012).
Poisoning from lead gunshot:
still a threat to wild waterbirds in Britain.
European Journal of Wildlife Research
.
DOI: 10.1007/s10344-012-0666-7.
PAIN DJ, FISHER IJ, THOMAS VG (2009).
A global update of lead poisoning
in terrestrial birds from ammunition sources. In: Watson RT, Fuller M, Pokras M,
HuntWG (eds).
Ingestion of lead fromspent ammunition: implications for wildlife
and humans.
The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA. pp 99-118. DOI:10.4080/
ilsa.2009.0108.
PAIN DJ, CROMIE RL, NEWTH J, BROWN MJ, CRUTCHER E, HARDMAN
P, HURST L, MATEO R, MEHARG AA, MORAN AC (2010).
Potential hazard
to human health from exposure to fragments of lead bullets and shot in
the tissues of game animals.
PLoS ONE
5(4), e10315. DOI:10.1371/journal.
pone.0010315.
PAIN DJ, CROMIE RL, GREEN RE (2015).
Poisoning of birds and other
wildlife from ammunition-derived lead in the UK. In: Delahay RJ, Spray
CJ (eds).
Proceedings of the Oxford Lead Symposium
.
Lead ammunition:
understanding and minimising the risks to human and environmental health.
Edward Grey Institute, The University of Oxford. pp 58-84. Available at:
http://
oxfordleadsymposium.info .Accessed: October 2015.
PAYNE JH, HOLMES JP, HOGG RA, VAN DER BURGT GM, JEWELL NJ,
WELCHMAN D. DE B. (2013).
Lead intoxication incidents associated with
shot from clay pigeon shooting.
Veterinary Record
173(22), 552. DOI: 10.1136/
vr.102120.
PERRINS CM, COUSQUER G, WAINE J (2003).
A survey of blood lead levels
in mute swans
Cygnus olor
.
Avian Pathology
32(2), 205-212. DOI:10.1080/0307
946021000071597.
PIERCE BL, ROSTER TA, FRISBIE MC, MASON CD, ROBERSON JA (2014).
A comparison of lead and steel shot loads for harvesting mourning doves.
Wildlife Society Bulletin
. DOI: 10.1002/wsb.504.
POTTS GR (2005).
Incidence of ingested lead gunshot in wild grey partridges
(
Perdix perdix
) from the UK.
European Journal of Wildlife Research
51(1), 31-34.
DOI: 10.1007/s10344-004-0071-y.
SAMUEL MD, BOWERS EF (2000).
Lead exposure in American black ducks
after implementation of non-toxic shot.
Journal of Wildlife Management
64(4),
947-953. DOI:10.2307/3803203.
SCHEUHAMMER A, THOMAS VG (2011).
Eliminating lead from recreational
shooting and angling: relating wildlife science to environmental policy and
regulation in North America. In: Elliott JE, Bishop CA, Morrissey CA (eds).
Wildlife ecotoxicology: forensic approaches.
Springer: NewYork, US. pp 359-382.
SEARS J, HUNT A (1991).
Lead poisoning in mute swans,
Cygnus olor
, in
England.
Wildfowl
(Suppl. 1), 383-388.
SPICHER V (2008).
Experiences with lead-free rifle ammunition under field
hunting conditions. In: Krone O (ed).
Lead poisoning of sea eagles: causes and
approaches to solutions – the transition to lead-free rifle ammunition
. Leibniz-
Institut für Zoo undWildtierforschung: Berlin. pp 81-90.
Vernon G. Thomas